aat Acta Astrophys. Tau. Acta Astrophysica Taurica 2712-925X Kiselev Nikolai Nikolaevich, Mosсow, settlement Moskovskii, Tat'yanin Park Str., 12, Moscow, Russia. RU 115 Modern Instruments and Methods in Astronomy Conference Proceedings Numerical simulation of spectral equipment Fatkhullin Timur Yushkin Maksim Panchuk Vladimir Special Astrophysical Observatory, Nizhnij Arkhyz 369167, Zelenchukskiy region, Karachai-Cherkessian Republic, Russian Federation Special Astrophysical Observatory, Nizhnij Arkhyz 369167, Zelenchukskiy region, Karachai-Cherkessian Republic, Russian Federation Special Astrophysical Observatory, Nizhnij Arkhyz 369167, Zelenchukskiy region, Karachai-Cherkessian Republic, Russian Federation 29 09 2025 6 3 12 16 09 09 2025 Copyright (c) 2025 Timur Fatkhullin, Maksim Yushkin, Vladimir Panchuk 2025 Timur Fatkhullin, Maksim Yushkin, Vladimir Panchuk The metadata for this submission is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyright and publishing rights for texts published in Acta Astrophysica Taurica is retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal.Texts are free to use with proper attribution and link to the licensing (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International).

We present the results of numerical simulation of high- and low-resolution spectral equipment, as well as its reallife application. A ray-tracing method is implemented in the C++ programming language by using the nVidia CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) technology. The results of simulation for the ground- (BTA/NES, Big Telescope Alt-azimuth Nasmyth Echelle Spectrograph) and space-based (Spectr-UF) spectrographs are exposed. It is shown that the model two-dimensional echelle and long-slit spectra can be used to estimate the energy efficiency of the proposed optical design, to calculate the characteristics of gradient anti-reflection coatings, as well as to create and refine an automatic processing pipeline for observational data long before the launch of space observatories. By using the NES spectrograph simulation, an analysis of the differences between the “ideal” optical design and its real technical implementation is demonstrated. For example, some manufacturing details of the ruled echelle gratings may cause significant differences as compared to expected characteristics. As a result, we show that the implemented mathematical model is a useful and truly powerful tool for designing astronomical spectral equipment, calculating and justifying its basic characteristics, as well as for planning an astrophysical experiment itself.

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