<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-articles" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="ojs">aat</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id" xml:lang="en">
                       Acta Astrophys. Tau.
                </journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">
                    Acta Astrophysica Taurica
                </journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2712-925X</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Kiselev Nikolai Nikolaevich,  Mosсow, settlement Moskovskii, Tat'yanin Park Str., 12, Moscow, Russia.</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>RU</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://astrophysicatauricum.org/index.php/aat"/>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">119</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group xml:lang="en" subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Electro-optic modulators for solar magnetic field observations at ISTP</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en" specific-use="primary">
              <surname>Tokareva</surname>
              <given-names>Ljubov'</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en" specific-use="primary">
              <surname>Skomorovsky</surname>
              <given-names>Valery</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en" specific-use="primary">
              <surname>Kushtal</surname>
              <given-names>Galina</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff-1">
        <institution content-type="orgname" xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk 664033, Russia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff-2">
        <institution content-type="orgname" xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk 664033, Russia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff-3">
        <institution content-type="orgname" xml:lang="en">Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, Irkutsk 664033, Russia</institution>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>6</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>24</fpage>
      <lpage>28</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-24">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>
					Copyright (c) 2026 Tokareva L., Skomorovsky V., Kushtal G.
				</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>
					2026
				</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>
					Ljubov' Tokareva, Valery Skomorovsky, Galina Kushtal
				</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <license-p> The metadata for this submission is licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  
 Copyright and publishing rights for texts published in  Acta Astrophysica Taurica  is retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal.Texts are free to use with proper attribution and link to the licensing  (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International).  
     </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://astrophysicatauricum.org/index.php/aat/article/view/119"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p> The paper describes the main stages in developing electro-optic modulators (EOMs) based on the KDP group crystals for solar magnetographs at ISTP SB RAS. The optical-physical characteristics of modulators are studied. The reasons for EOM failure are analyzed, and ways to eliminate them are proposed. The EOM designs have been developed for different types of control voltages. </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>solar magnetograph</kwd>
        <kwd>polarization</kwd>
        <kwd>Pockels effect</kwd>
        <kwd>KDP crystal</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <page-count count="5"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="R1">
        <mixed-citation>Borodin A.N., Petrov A.S., Domyshev G.N., et al. 2003. Electro-optic phase modulator. Patent RU 2248601 G02F 1/03. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R2">
        <mixed-citation>Demidov M.L., Grigoriev V.M., Retyunsky L.B., et al., 2018. Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Observ., vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 21–26. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R3">
        <mixed-citation>Grigoriev V.M., Kobanov N.I. 1980. Research on geomagnetism, aeronomy and solar physics, vol. 52, pp. 155–176. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R4">
        <mixed-citation>Kuznetsov D.A., Kuklin G.V., Stepanov V.E. 1966. Results of observations and research during the MGSS period, vol. 1, pp. 80–87. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R5">
        <mixed-citation>Markov V.S., Domyshev G.N., Skomorovsky V.I., 1988. Research on geomagnetism, aeronomy and solar physics, vol. 83, pp. 141–149. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R6">
        <mixed-citation>Nikulin N.S., Severny A.V., Stepanov V.E., 1958. Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Observ., vol. 19, pp. 3–20. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R7">
        <mixed-citation>Proshin V.A., Skomorovsky V.I., Kushtal G.I., et al., 2013. Electro-optic modulator of polarized radiation. Patent RU(11)130 094(13)U1. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8">
        <mixed-citation>Stepanov V.E., Grigoriev V.M., Kobanov N.I., 1975. Research on geomagnetism, aeronomy and solar physics, vol. 37. pp. 147–153. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
